| In early Britain time keeping became very | | | | An important factor is the condition of the |
| important because of the ships finding problems in | | | | movement; of greater interest to the collector |
| locating their position. This made the British | | | | than the case. Continual use during the centuries |
| clock-making famous world-wide. And clocks as | | | | will have caused wear and necessitated |
| we see some of them still existing in their original | | | | replacement of parts; if this has not been done |
| forms, put outside for public uses. | | | | with great care and by a knowledgeable |
| Extremely accurate time-keeping would make it | | | | craftsman much of the value will have been lost, |
| possible for a ship to find its exact position at sea, | | | | and it will be found that it is a very expensive |
| and the government offered big rewards for this | | | | matter to correct it. |
| purpose. Harrison, Mudge and Arnold are the three | | | | An apparently fine clock will sometimes disclose |
| most famous names in this connection and their | | | | on examination that the entire striking mechanism |
| painstaking labors did much to ensure the | | | | has been removed, or that the old escapement |
| supremacy of British shipping and the worldwide | | | | has been changed for a more modern, but less |
| fame of British clock making. | | | | capricious, one. Further, movements have been |
| The earliest clocks were almost certainly made | | | | adapted to fit cases, and vice versa; a long case |
| by blacksmiths; they had heavy iron frames and | | | | of small size, known as a grandmother, should be |
| they show few signs of the small-scale precision | | | | treated with great caution. Old examples do exist |
| associated with the work of a true clockmaker. | | | | but are very rare, and unscrupulous fakers have |
| With the advent of the portable clock came the | | | | manufactured the majority of them. |
| widespread use of brass, and the accuracy and | | | | In France, clocks were placed in large and |
| neatness typical of such mechanisms. By the | | | | ornamental cases, sometimes with matching |
| middle of the eighteenth century few households | | | | wall-brackets, covered in tortoiseshell inlaid with |
| were without a clock of some type; usually a long | | | | brass (Boulle work). The fashion lasted from |
| case or grandfather. | | | | about 1690, through the eighteenth century and |
| The demand for these grew so great that the | | | | later. In the early 1700's cases began to be |
| trade became divided into a number of specialists, | | | | veneered with kingwood, tulipwood, and other |
| each of whom made one or more parts. A | | | | rare woods, mounted in ormolu and designed in |
| country clockmaker ordered his requirements, | | | | styles to match those prevailing for furniture. |
| assembled them and added his name on the front | | | | Other clocks were given cases of ormolu and |
| of the face. The majority of surviving clocks | | | | bronze, sometimes set with Dresden and other |
| made in country towns and villages were put | | | | china groups and with Sevres porcelain flowers. |
| together in this manner, and only occasionally | | | | Genuine specimens are rare and expensive, and |
| were they made entirely by the men whose | | | | they have been copied carefully and often. A |
| names appear boldly on them. | | | | feature of an old French clock movement is that |
| The first clock cases were of gilt metal or brass, | | | | the pendulum is suspended on a silk thread, which |
| and the familiar type known as the lantern clock is | | | | can be lengthened or shortened to regulate the |
| a typical example. Wooden cases were introduced | | | | time. |
| in the seventeenth century, mostly of oak | | | | German clocks often resemble closely the French. |
| veneered with ebony but later with walnut and | | | | Others had movements of which the framing |
| other woods. Inlays of floral marquetry and later | | | | was of wood instead of the usual brass. |
| of satinwood and ebony stringing followed | | | | Clocks in their present as well as in their old forms |
| fashions that prevailed at the times of | | | | came in different shapes and sizes and designs as |
| manufacture. Whereas a good Tompion will realize | | | | well. Clocks were placed in large and ornamental |
| a thousand pounds or more, clocks by less | | | | cases in France. Clocks came in different |
| exalted makers can be bought comparatively | | | | ornaments made of different metals like iron, |
| cheaply. | | | | sliver, woods, bronze, etc. |